These joints allow the concrete to expand and contract in variant temperatures, without them the concrete or asphalt would crack as a consequence. The sealant will move with the concrete or asphalt whilst providing a constant seal against the elements and any unwanted surface spillages.
The joint sealant material can be applied hot or cold via a melting pot or a metered mixing machine depending on what material is being applied to suit the specification of the joint. Joints can be formed during the construction process or cut afterwards using a diamond saw cutting technique, the latter is often used to widen old joints where the material has dilapidated and new sealant material is required to refurbish the joint.